Now we'll see if the majority of Americans means anything.
Mark
House Approves a Stem Cell Research Bill Opposed by Bush
WASHINGTON, May 24 - The House passed a bill on Tuesday to expand
federal financing for embryonic stem cell research, defying a veto
threat from President Bush, who appeared at the White House with
babies and toddlers born of test-tube embryos and warned the
measure "would take us across a critical ethical line."
President Bush made his opposition to the stem cell bill known
yesterday at the White House, showing off month-old Trey Jones, who
was born as a result of one couple's donation of frozen embryos to
another.
Susan Walsh/Associated Press
President Bush appeared at the White House with babies and toddlers
born of test-tube embryos, some wearing shirts that read "former
embryo."
The vote, 238 to 194 with 50 Republicans in favor, fell far short of
the two-thirds majority required to overturn a presidential veto,
setting up a possible showdown between Congress and Mr. Bush, who
has never exercised his veto power. An identical bill has broad
bipartisan support in the Senate; moments after the House vote, the
Senate sponsors wrote to the Republican leader, Bill Frist, urging
him to put it on the agenda.
The House action is the first vote on embryonic stem cell research
since August 2001, when Mr. Bush opened the door to taxpayer
financing for the studies, but only with strict limits. The new bill
permits the government to pay for studies involving human embryos
that are in frozen storage at fertility clinics, so long as couples
conceiving the embryos certified that they had made a decision to
discard them.
"The White House cannot ignore this vote," said the bill's chief
Republican backer, Representative Michael N. Castle of Delaware,
adding, "I'm elated."
But opponents also said they were elated. Representative Joseph R.
Pitts, Republican of Pennsylvania, said: "I hate to lose, but I feel
pretty good about this vote. We beat a veto-proof margin by 50
votes."
The big question now is what will happen in the Senate. Dr. Frist, a
heart surgeon from Tennessee who supports the existing policy, is
already facing intense pressure from conservatives over the issue of
Mr. Bush's judicial nominees and does not seem eager to schedule a
vote on stem cell research. He said last week that he wanted to
check with his colleagues before doing so.
The House vote followed an impassioned lobbying campaign by
advocates for patients, including Nancy Reagan. Mrs. Reagan, who
became a strong backer of stem cell research as her husband
struggled with Alzheimer's disease, telephoned fellow Republicans
this week urging a yes vote, Mr. Castle said.
But Mr. Bush countered with a powerful one-two punch, throwing the
full weight of the White House behind the opposition. On Friday, he
issued a rare threat to veto the Castle bill. On Tuesday, just hours
before the vote, he appeared in the East Room of the White House
with families created by a rare but growing practice in which one
couple donates its frozen embryos to another.
"The children here today remind us that there is no such thing as a
spare embryo," Mr. Bush said, amid the squeals and coos of babies
cradled in their mothers' arms. "Every embryo is unique and
genetically complete, like every other human being. And each of us
started out our life this way. These lives are not raw material to
be exploited, but gifts."
The parents, who worked through a Christian adoption agency,
applauded enthusiastically. When Mr. Bush said that "every human
life is a precious gift of matchless love," a mother behind him on
stage mouthed the word "Amen."
The White House event, on what conservative Christians and the
president call an important "culture of life" issue, demonstrated
just how far Mr. Bush is willing to assert himself on policy that
goes to what he considers the moral heart of his presidency. In
another sign of how important the issue is to conservatives, the
House Republican leader, Tom DeLay of Texas, managed the opposition
to the bill, also casting it in stark moral terms.
"An embryo is a person, a distinct internally directed, self-
integrating human organism," Mr. DeLay said, adding, "We were all at
one time embryos ourselves. So was Abraham. So was Muhammad. So was
Jesus of Nazareth."
He went on: "The choice to protect a human embryo from federally
funded destruction is not, ultimately, about the human embryo. It is
about us, and our rejection of the treacherous notion that while all
human lives are sacred, some are more sacred than others."
Human embryonic stem cells, isolated from human embryos for the
first time in 1998, have the potential to grow into any cell or
tissue in the body, and so hold great promise for treatment of
disease. But the embryos are destroyed when the cells are extracted.
So Mr. Bush, intending to discourage further embryo destruction,
insisted in 2001 that federal financing be limited to studies of
those stem cell colonies, or lines, that had already been created.
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Transcript: Bush's Remarks on Bioethics and Stem Cell Research (May
24, 2005)
Vote on Stem Cell Research (May 25, 2005)
Forum: Bioethics
Instead, Mr. Bush is promoting research on adult stem cells, which
are drawn from bone marrow and blood, including umbilical cord
blood, and have narrower implications for medicine than embryonic
stem cells. On Tuesday, the House voted 431 to 1 to approve a
measure that would create umbilical cord blood banks to advance
adult stem cell research.
But it was the embryonic stem cell debate that inflamed the passions
of the House, sounding at various times like a lesson in cell
biology, a theological discourse and a personal confessional.
Lawmaker after lawmaker came to the House well to recount struggles
with conscience and searing personal experiences with death and
disease.
Representative Jim Langevin, Democrat of Rhode Island, rolled to the
microphone in his motorized wheelchair to speak of his spinal cord
injury, which he said could be helped by the research.
Representative Jo Ann Emerson, Republican of Missouri, told of a
young man named Cody, who had been paralyzed in a car accident at
age 16 and asked her to rethink her opposition to embryonic stem
cell studies.
"I later wrote a note to Cody's family telling them that even after
hearing his story, I couldn't do as he asked," Ms. Emerson
said, "and I have regretted writing that letter ever since."
But for every supporter with a compelling personal tale, there was
an opponent like Representative Dan Lungren, Republican of
California, whose brother has Parkinson's disease. "I've learned a
lot of things from my brother," Mr. Lungren said, "But one of the
things I learned most is that there is a difference between right
and wrong."
The backers of the Senate measure, Senators Arlen Specter,
Republican of Pennsylvania, and Tom Harkin, Democrat of Iowa, have
scheduled a news conference for Wednesday to demand quick action. "I
don't understand why Mr. Bush is doing this," Mr. Harkin said,
adding, "I wish he would refrain from drawing lines in the sand."